The increasing importance of cyber security is becoming crucial across various
sectors, from large corporations and the financial industry to small businesses
and government institutions. With increasing digitisation and increasing
amounts of sensitive data being transferred and stored, the need for effective
cyber security measures becomes increasingly evident. Despite growing interest
and demand, considerable confusion persists in the market regarding
the correct approaches and solutions. Companies and organisations often
face challenges in selecting appropriate technologies, implementing security
strategies and complying with legislative requirements. The author explores
the meaning and normative framework of cyber security, as well as the most
important aspects and trends that must be taken into account when handling
data. Predictions for the coming years indicate that popular operating systems,
such as macOS, will become more vulnerable, and cybercriminals will continue
to exploit artificial intelligence to create sophisticated attacks. Therefore, a
comprehensive approach to protecting and enhancing security is needed. This
approach should include raising employee awareness, deploying advanced
technologies, and developing clear policies and protocols.
Key words: cyber security, NIS 2, artificial intelligence, UI, digitisation, data.